Differences+between+Eukaryotic+and+Prokaryote+cells

Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryote cells [| http://www.biologymad.com/cells/ultrastructure.htm#eukaryotic]  ||||||  || Plasma membrane |||| Yes || Yes || Yes || Ribosome |||| Yes || Yes || Yes || Mitochondrion |||| Yes || Yes || No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Golgi apparatus |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Endoplasmic reticulum |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoskeleton |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lysosome |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Vacuole |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Nucleus |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Centrioles |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoplasm |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cilia and flagella |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes (some only) || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes (some only) || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Chloroplast |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cellulose cell wall |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cell junctions |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Nucleoid |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Plasmid |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Memsosome |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Capsule |||| <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">No || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prokaryotic Cells **<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">small cells (< 5 mm) || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">larger cells (> 10 mm) || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">always unicellular || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">often multicellular || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">no nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">always have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DNA is circular, without proteins || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DNA is linear and associated with proteins to form chromatin || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ribosomes are small (70S) || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ribosomes are large (80S) || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">no cytoskeleton || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">always has a cytoskeleton || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">motility by rigid rotating flagellum made of flagellin || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">motility by flexible waving undulipodium, made of tubulin || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">cell division is by binary fission || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">cell division is by mitosis or meiosis || <span style="color: #1a8e72; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reproduction is always asexual <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> || <span style="color: #1a8e72; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reproduction is asexual or sexual <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> || <span style="color: #1a8e72; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">huge variety of metabolic pathways <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> || <span style="color: #1a8e72; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">common metabolic pathways <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cell component || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Details || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Location || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Composed of || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Plasma membrane || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gives the cell shape and protection. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Surrounding the cell || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Phospholipids and proteins || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ribosome || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sites of protein systhesis <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Free in the cytoplasm/ attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Often found in groups <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Protein and RNA || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mitochondrion || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cell energy transformers, by converting chemical energy into ATP || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoplasm <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bounded by double membrane || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Small, circular strands of DNA <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Inner membrane is studded with stalked particles || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Golgi apparatus || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Stores, modifies and packages protein before transporting them to cell membrane for export <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">“tags” proteins so that they go to their correct destinations || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoplasm || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">series of flattened membrane vesicles, formed from ER <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Endoplasmic reticulum || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rough: site of protein synthesis, before exported from cell via Golgi apparatus <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smooth: site of lipids and carbohydrate metabolism, including hormone synthesis || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Continuous with plasma membrane and nuclear membrane || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rough: studded with ribosomes <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smooth: series of membrane channels || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoskeleton || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Network of protein fibres for support, transport and motility <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Holds organelles in position <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Provide internal framework <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Responsible for such actions as: chromosome movement in mitosis, cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells, cilia and flagella movements <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Extending throughout the cell <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Attached to plasma membrane || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3 types of protein fibres: <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Microtubule <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Microfilament <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Intermediate filament || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lysosome || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Contain and transport enzymes that break down unwanted chemicals, toxins, organelles so that materials can be recycled || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Small membrane-bound vesicles formed from the RER <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pinched off from Golgi apparatus <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contains a cocktail of digestive enzymes <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Vacuole || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Plants: keep cell turgid <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">function in storage, waste, disposal, growth <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Usually filled with an aqueous solution of ions || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Nucleus || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Contains most of the cell’s DNA <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Controls chemical functions in the cell || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoplasm || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Surrounded by nuclear envelope, which is a double membrane with nuclear pores (large holes containing proteins that control exit of substances like RNA and ribosomes from nucleus) <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nucleoplasm: interior, full of chromatin (DNA) <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nucleolus: dark region of chromatin, involved in making ribosomes <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Centrioles || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Involved in nuclear division || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoplasm || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A pair of short microtubules <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytoplasm || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Site of translation in cell || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Contains dissolved substances, enzymes for glycosis (part of respiration), the cell organelles and strctures || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cilia and flagella || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">For motility, locomotion <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Prokayote: <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rigid rotating helical-shaped tail used for propulsion <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Extension of the cytoplasm <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Distinct arrangement of sliding microtubules surrounded by plasma membrane <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Full of microtubules and motor proteins <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flagella: longer than cell, usually one or two <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cilia: identical in structure, much smaller, usually many of them <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Chloroplast || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Site of photosynthesis || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Enclosed by double membrane || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Enclosed by double membrane <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Has 3rd membrane called thylakoid membrane, which is folded into thylakoid disks, which are then stacked into piles called grana <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Stroma: space between inner membrane and thylakoid <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thylakoid membrane: contains chlorophyll <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lamellae <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Starch grains, ribosomes, circular DNA || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cellulose cell wall || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eukaryoke: <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Supports cell, giving it strength and rigidity and limits its volume <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Prokaryote: <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Outside plasma membrane || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eukaryoke: <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Consists of network of fibres (freely permeable) <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mainly made of cellulose fibres, can also contain hemicelluloses, pectins, lignins <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Build up in 3 layers: primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, middle lamella <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Prokaryote: <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Made of murein <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2 kinds, can be distinguished by gram stain || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cell junctions || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Nucleoid || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">region of the cytoplasm that contains DNA <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">not surrounded by a nuclear membrane <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Plasmid || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">used to exchange DNA between bacterial cells, and very useful for genetic engineering <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Small circles of DNA <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Memsosome || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tightly-folded region of the cell membrane <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">contains all the membrane-bound proteins required for respiration and photosynthesis <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Capsule || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Used for sticking cells together, as a food reserve, as protection against desiccation and chemicals, and as protection against phagocytosis <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eukaryotic (animal, plant, fungi) ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Prokaryote (bacteria) ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Plant ** ||||
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Animal ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Animal ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Eukaryotic cells **<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ||